Explosion gas-turbine.



No. 861,829/ PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYS, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wdizesses if kw PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYS, 1906. r

3 BHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wifnewes:

[Eve PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

.A. STODOLA. EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, 1906.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

JTWQRZOTE' UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

AUREL STODOLA, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OFAKTIENGESELL- SCIIAFT DER MASOHIN ENFABRIKEN VON ESCHER, WYSS dz 00., OFZURIOII, SWITZER- LAND.

nxPLosroN GAS-TURBINE.-

No. 86l,329.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 3,1905. Serial No. 268.218-

Patented. July 30, 1907.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUREL STODOLA, a subject of the King of Hungary,residing atZurich, in the Republic of Switzerland, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Explosion Gas-Turbines, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to explosion gas turbines, and has for its objectthe novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter specificallydescribed and claimed.

Explosion gas turbines in which there is a jet of gas acting on theturbine wheel are not usually regulable, as the pressure at the end ofthe nozzle varies with the pressure in the explosion chamber, and theturbine consequently operates with a bad efiiciency.

My invention is designed to obviate this disadvantage by positivelyvarying the area or cross section of the passage through the nozzle byan axially moved and cooled spindle or core in the nozzle, so that theratio of the area of cross section of the effective opening or passagethrough the nozzle to the greatest cross sec tion or area of the passageat the mouth of the nozzle at every instant has the value, whichaccording to Zeuners theory is necessary in order to render possible theproper expansion from the pressure for the time being in the expansionchamber, to the constant pressure in the turbine casing.

Referring to the drawings, in which like partsv are similarlydesignatedFigure 1 is a vertical section of the upper part of a turbine.Fig. 1" is a developed plan, partly in section, of the stationary nozzlering. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section through a nozzle. Figs. 2and 2 are cross sections of nozzles. Fig. 3 is a partial front elevationof Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a vertical section through several explosionchambers. it The turbine wheel K is mounted on shaft 2, and is providedon its periphery with blades 3, here shown as two sets of blades, oneset on each side of the middle stationary blades 4 on the casing 5. Theshaft 2 is mounted in bearings 6 on the casing 5, said bearingsconcentric with the stationary air and gas supply. chambers F and Fpreferably but not necessarily constructed as concentric cylindricalchambers separated from each other by a partition 7, Figs. 1 and 4, andpro vided with ports 8 and 9 respectively, and entrances F .and F on theouter chamber F and also extending,

. over the chamber F is a cylindrical valve G provided with ports 10 and11 arranged in pairs that are designed a to simultaneously come intoregister with the stationary I chambers E at the upper ends of whicharenozzles A presented to the blades. The cylindrical valve G is keyed orotherwise rigidly connected to a cam wheel G provided with a toothedring m and a cam B On the shaft 2 is mounted a gear or worm wheel mdriving a wheel m mounted on a spindle 13 which carries a similar wheelm at its upper end meshing with and driving the toothed ring m the camwheel G and the valve G connected thereto. The spindle 13 has mountedupon it a ball governor m that operates a lever m that raises and lowersa rod m that rocks the pivoted valves 'm and m" controlling the entranceof .air and gas to the respective chambers F and F Mounted in brackets14 projecting from the casing 5 are cases 15 in which are mounted theouter ends of the spindles B that are surrounded by coil springs Burging said spindles into the nozzles A. On each spindle B is mounted ananti-friction roller B within the path of the cam faces B on-the camwheel G as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 1, said cam during its rotationwithdrawing the conical ends of the spindles from the nozzles A againstthe pressureof their springs.

The nozzles'may be circular or rectangular in section, as shown in Figs.2 and 2*,and the hollow spindles B may be cooled by water conveyed bypipe 0 to their interior, as shown in Fig. 2, said water beingpreferably conveyed under pressure through a round pipe O, Figs. 2 and2*, or a square pipe C", Fig. 2 to the spindle most likely to be burnedout. In the positions shown in the drawings the narrowest cross-sectionbetween the casing of each spindle or core and the nozzle wall is in theform of a small annular space at D, Fig. 2, and the nozzles enable anexpansion from the highest pressure to that of the atmosphere.

The explosion chambers operate successively and are independent of oneanother, or they may be operated in groups, as desired. The spindles Bpreferably do not completely close the nozzles A, being held fromcompletely closing them bythe cam B on wheel G.

Immediately after the explosion the spindles B are substantially in theposition shown in Fig. 2, and immediately thereafter the cam "B on camwheel G gradually withdraws the spindles to enlarge the annular space inaccordance with the decrease of pressure in the explosion chamber thearea of opening thereof being in accordance with the theory of Zeuner,and when the pressure in the explosion chamberhas de creased, thespindle B is again permitted to assume its normal position.

I claim- 1. In a turbine, an explosion chamber to produce gas pressure,a. nozzle connected thereto having a contracted portion, a spindle tocontrol the same and means operated by the turbine to move the spindlefrom the nozzle in the spindle from the nozzle in accordance-with thedecrease of pressureof the motive fluid in the explosion chamber.

3. In a turbine, an explosion chamber, a nozzle-leading therefrom,ahollow spindle partially ciosingsaid nozzle,

said hollow spindle supplied with a cooling l}quid, a spring to urge thespindle into its normal position, end a driven cum on the turbine toactuate said spindle and withdraw it from the nozzle in accordance withthe decrease of 15 pressure in the explosion chamber. 4

In testimony whereof I have signed my nnme to this specification in theprese'il'ce'bf two subscribim, witnesses.

- AUREL STODOLA.

Witnesses:

\ Exmsr FISCHER,

